CK… You do understand you work for a company that is 100% controlled by a foreign government, right? As in, YOUR company board of directors and senior management can’t even go to the bathroom without getting the country of Norway’s permission. And, one of the prevalent reasons Norway wants to expand to different regions of the world is due to Norway’s salmon feedlots being infected with NORWAY’s diseases, as they really are wanting to “share their wealth” with Canada and every other country – their wealth of diseases!
Just to provide some facts for you:
Did you even click on the link, or did your confirmation bias stop you at SalmonFarmScience (which hosted the paper)?
Evolution of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISA virus)
Heidrun Plarre • Are Nylund • Marius Karlsen •
Øyvind Brevik • Per Anton Sæther •
Siri Vike
Surprise - I actually did and do read your links, maybe you should also. “Your story has some significant holes...” and do quote from the study you reference:
“In this study, four different segments of the genome of about 100 ISA viruses have been sequenced in an attempt to understand the evolution of ISA viruses and how these viruses are maintained in and transmitted between populations of farmed Atlantic salmon.”
“Calculation of the time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) suggests that the Norwegian ISA viruses separated from the European subtype found in North America between 1932 and 1959. The TMRCA data also suggest that the ISA viruses in Chile were transmitted from Norway in the period from 1995 to 2007, depending on which of the four genes were used in the analysis.”
“The genome of ISA viruses contains eight segments of negative-stranded RNA. In the present study, four segments, the nucleoprotein (NP) gene (segment 3), the tentative acidic polymerase (PA) gene (segment 4), the fusion protein gene (F) (segment 5), and the haemagglutininesterase gene (HE) (segment 6) from a selection of ISA viruses have been sequenced and compared.”
“This study includes ISA viruses collected in the period from 1987 until 2011, and consists of ISA viruses from Norway (N = 86), Scotland (N = 2), Faroe Islands (N = 1), North America (N = 2) and Chile (N = 5) (Table 1). The viruses were obtained from salmon in both fresh and seawater. Atlantic salmon does not occur naturally inChile, and the ISA viruses from that country were all obtained from individuals that originally came as embryos from Europe or North America (east coast). ISA viruses can be separated into two major genotypes, a North American and a European genotype, where a subtype of the European genotype is also present in Eastern North America.
This study includes only ISA viruses belonging to the European genotype.
“Extraction of RNA, RT PCR and sequencing were performed as described by Devold et al. All PCR products of ISA viruses obtained from heart or gill tissues or from cell cultured isolates were sequenced in both directions. The primers used for PCR and sequencing of segments three and numbers: segment 3, JN710835-JN710921; segment 4,
JN710922-JN711009; segment 5, JN711010-JN711056; and segment 6, JN711057-JN711096.”
Are you deliberately ignoring the fact that millions of Atlantic salmon and Brown trout have been introduced to the Pacific starting over 100 years ago?
Your own reference states the “Norwegian ISA viruses separated from the European subtype found in North America between 1932 and 1959.” That over 100 years must be referring to when Canada exchanged Rainbow trout for Atlantic salmon with Scotland in 1895? How about throwing this in... Did you also know Scotland’s first ISA disease outbreak wasn’t until May 1998, on a salmon farm at Loch Nevis on the west coast. Or, how about Scotland’s strain of ISAv was imported from Norway?
BC fish farms (Marine Harvest, aka Stolt Sea Farms, aka Atlantic Salmon of Main) actually imported Atlantic salmon eggs into BC from both Norway and east coast of Canada for years. Where do you think those Atlantic salmon eggs really come from?
“Up to now, the companies have included in their pens non-native species of salmon which are apparently bred for economically desirable characteristics.” Now, let me clue you in on YOUR Atlantic salmon generically come from:
“Since a federal court judge in May ordered two of the state’s largest salmon farms, Atlantic Salmon of Maine and Stolt Sea Farms, to stock their pens only with North American strains of Atlantic salmon, aquaculture operations have been seeking genetically pure fish, with no success. Every batch of Canadian hatchery fish tested showed some European genes, and thus failed the strict protocol designed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.”
That Miller's samples (from all over BC) from the 80's showed the same signatures/fragments?
That many of Molly Kibenge's supposedly positive samples came from SE Alaska in 2002 and 2003?
Yep very true; however, sorry for your feedlots to be off the “not my fault” hook, one would have to test samples prior to the magic years prior to 1979. BTW… ISAv can only survive 48 hours without a host.
Segment 8 is a mutation found only from one place – NORWAY! “Based on phylogenetic analysis of segment 2 and segment 8, ISAV isolates have been divided into two major genogroups: the North American (NA) genogroup including isolates from Canada and the USA, and the European (EU) genogroup consisting of ISAV isolates from Norway and Scotland (Blake et al. 1999; Krossøy et al. 2001).
That no eggs have ever come to BC from Norway (ie your "Norwegian strain") - Would it not be the Icelandic strain? - But wait, there doesn't seem to BE an Icelandic strain. (Maybe that is why the industry would have felt it was safe to get eggs from there?)
How can aquaculture be responsible for the importation/introduction of the "Norwegian strain" of ISA when we have never sourced any eggs from Norway?
CK?
How about this… Segment 8 from Norway imported via eggs to Scotland, Ireland, Canada, and Chile.
Concerning Ireland:
“In the period 1984 – 1987 salmon eggs were imported from Norway. “
“Selective breeding of Atlantic salmon of Norwegian strains started in 1991 in Iceland.”
http://www.fisheries.is/aquaculture/species/atlantic-salmon/
Concerning Canada:
"Farmed Atlantic salmon was first imported in New Brunswick, Canada into Lord’s Cove, Deer Island in 1979. "
Now where do you thing those were imported from? Take your pick NORWAY, Scotland, or Ireland. It really doesn’t make any difference as they ALL originated from those ISAv infected imported NORWAY salmon!!! Keep in mind that was only five years before the first ISA disease outbreak was confirmed in NORWAY, 1984 (Atlantic salmon feedlot). Since then, ISA has been found in New Brunswick (Atlantic salmon feedlot), Canada in 1996, Nova Scotia (Atlantic salmon feedlot) in 1998, Scotland (Atlantic salmon feedlot) in 1998, Chile (Atlantic salmon feedlot) in 1999, Faroe Islands in 2000 (Atlantic salmon feedlot) and the United States (Atlantic salmon feedlot) in 2001. The ISA disease has ONLY been confirmed in YOUR NORWEIGIAN Atlantic salmon FEEDLOTS and YOUR NORWEIGIAN companies surely are importing the known cause, which is the ISA virus around the entire world.
“Atlantic salmon are not native to British Columbia and eggs were first imported there in 1984
from Scotland,
Can you say imported, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, and Norwegian strain of ISAv in one sentence?
http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_canada/en
Also, are you implying that the aquaculture industry would not only be able to convince a DFO official to allow the import of a known viral pathogen, but would want to do something that would potentially devastate the fish stocks it relies on for business?
YEP!
Does that seriously make sense to you?
Yep, it sure does
What seriously makes sense to me and I am not kidding you in the least, is CK you really have no idea of who and/.or what you are dealing with! I am not implying anything, I am flat out telling you – YOUR Norwegian Atlantic feedlot industry does NOT care if it imports ISAv to any country, including BC – at all! If you would bother to check those ISAv test results done by your own country of Norway owned company you will find almost every single Atlantic salmon your company has in Norway, and Scotland have tested positive and are infected with the Norwegian strain of ISAv.
They really don’t have to convince DFO (Canada) of anything, as that is called economics 101 and GDP. Canada already knows they have imported a known viral pathogen and really don’t care if it would potentially devastate the entire wild salmon fish stocks. Canada is already on the record stating - Pacific salmon has no value. Canada will do whatever is necessary to continue exporting YOUR disease ridden Atlantic salmon to whoever will buy it, for as much and as long as they can. And, the current Canadian government really don’t care if YOUR feedlots kill off every single one of your wild salmon – PERIOD!